三字經註解
註 : 本文英文翻譯 , 頗有磋商之處 , 僅供參考
人之初 性本善 性相近 習相遠
Men at their birth,
are naturally good.
Their natures are much the same;
their habits become widely different.
苟不教 性乃遷 教之道 貴以專
If foolishly there is no teaching,
the nature will deteriorate.
The right way in teaching,
is to attach the utmost importance
in thoroughness.
昔孟母 擇鄰處 子不學 斷機杼
Of old, the mother of Mencius
chose a neighborhood
and when her child would not learn,
she broke the shuttle from the loom.
竇燕山 有義方 教五子 名俱揚
Tou of the Swallow Hills
had the right method
He taught five son,
each of whom raised the family reputation.
養不教 父之過 教不嚴 師之惰
To feed without teaching,
is the father's fault.
To teach without severity,
is the teacher's laziness.
子不學 非所宜 幼不學 老何為
If the child does not learn,
this is not as it should be.
If he does not learn while young,
what will he be when old ?
玉不琢 不成器 人不學 不知義
If jade is not polished,
it cannot become a thing of use.
If a man does not learn,
he cannot know his duty towards his neighbor.
為人子 方少時 親師友 習禮儀
He who is the son of a man,
when he is young,
should attach himself to his teachers and friends;
and practice ceremonial usages.
香九齡 能溫席 孝於親 所當執
Xiang, at nine years of age,
could warm (his parents') bed.
Filial piety towards parents,
is that to which we should hold fast.
融四歲 能讓梨 弟於長 宜先知
Jung, at four years of age,
could yield the (larger) pears.
To behave as a younger brother towards elders,
is one of the first things to know.
首孝弟 次見聞 知某數 識某文
Begin with filial piety and fraternal love,
and then see and hear .
Learn to count,
and learn to read.
一而十 十而百 百而千 千而萬
Units and tens,
then tens and hundreds,
hundreds and thousands,
thousands and then tens of thousands.
三才者 天地人 三光者 日月星
The three forces,
are heaven, earth and man.
The three luminaries,
are the sun, the moon and the stars.
三綱者 君臣義 父子親 夫婦順
The three bonds,
are the obligation between sovereign and subject,
the love between father and child,
the harmony between husband and wife.
曰春夏 曰秋冬 此四時 運不窮
We speak of spring and summer,
we speak of autumn and winter,
These four seasons,
revolve without ceasing.
曰南北 曰西東 此四方 應乎中
We speak of North and South,
we speak of East and West,
These four points,
respond to the requirements of the centre.
曰火水 木金土 此五行 本乎數
We speak of water, fire,
wood, metal and earth.
These five elements,
have their origin in number.
曰仁義 禮智信 此五常 不容紊
We speak of charity, of (??hear ??) and of duty towards one's neighbor,
("??" an error in my original copy. I can't figure out what it is.)
of propriety, of wisdom, and of truth.
These five virtues,
admit of no compromise.
稻粱菽 麥黍稷 此六谷 人所食
Rice , spike, millet, pulse
wheat, glutinous millet and common millet,
These six grains,
are those which men eat.
馬牛羊 雞犬豕 此六畜 人所飼
The horse, the ox, the sheep,
the fowl, the dog, the pig.
These six animals,
are those which men keep.
曰喜怒 曰哀懼 愛惡欲 七情具
We speak of joy, of anger,
we speak of pity, of fear,
of love , of hate and of desire.
These are the seven passions.
匏土革 木石金 與絲竹 乃八音
The gound, earthenware, skin
wood, stone, metal,
silk and bamboo,
yield the eight musical sounds.
高曾祖 父而身 身而子 子而孫
Great great grandfather, great grandfather, grandfather,
father and self,
self and son,
son and grandson,
自子孫 至玄曾 乃九族 人之倫
from son and grandson,
on to great grandson and great great grandson.
These are the nine agnates,
constituting the kinships of man.
父子恩 夫婦從 兄則友 弟則恭
Affection between father and child,
harmony between husband and wife,
friendliness on the part of elder brothers,
respectfulness on the part of younger brothers,
長幼序 友與朋 君則敬 臣則忠
Precedence between elders and youngsters,
as between friend and friend.
Respect on the part of the sovereign,
loyalty on the part of the subject.
此十義 人所同
These ten obligations,
are common to all men.
凡訓蒙 須講究 詳訓詁 名句讀
In the education of the young,
there should be explanation and elucidation,
careful teaching of the interpretations of commentators,
and due attention to paragraphs and sentences.
為學者 必有初 小學終 至四書
Those who are learners,
must have a beginning.
The "little learning" finished,
they proceed to the four books.
論語者 二十篇 群弟子 記善言
There is the Lun Yu (discourse or Analects),
in twenty sections.
In this, the various disciples,
have recorded the wise sayings of Confucius.
孟子者 七篇止 講道德 說仁義
The works of Mencius,
have comprised in seven section.
These explain the way and exemplifications thereof,
and expound clarity and duty towards one's neighbor.
作中庸 子思筆 中不偏 庸不易
The Chung Yung (the doctrine of the mean),
by the pen of Tzu-su;
Chung (the middle) being that which odes not lean towards any side,
Yung( the course) being that which cannot be changed.
作大學 乃曾子 自修齊 至平治
He who wrote the "Great Learning"
was the philosopher Tseng.
Beginning with cultivation of the individual and
ordering of the family,
It goes on to government of one's own State and
ordering of the family.
孝經通 四書熟 如六經 始可讀
When the "Classic of Filial Piety" is mastered,
and the "Four books" are known by heart.
The next step is to the "Six classics",
which may now be studied.
詩書易 禮春秋 號六經 當講求
The Books of Poetry, of History and of Changes.
The "Rites of Chou Dynasty, the book of Tites, and the
"Spring and Autumn Annals" are the six classics
which should be carefully explained and analyzed.
有連山 有歸藏 有周易 三易詳
There is the Lien Shan System,
there is the Gui Tsang
And there is the system of Changes of the Chou Dynasty,
such are the 3 systems which elucidate the changes.
有典謨 有訓誥 有誓命 書之奧
There are the Regulations and the Counsels,
The Instruction, The Announcements,
The Oaths, The Charges,
These are the profundities of the Book of History.
我周公 作周禮 著六官 存治體
Our Duke of Chou,
drew up the Ritual of the Chou Dynasty,
in which he set forth the duties of the six classes of officials;
and thus gave a settled form to the government.
大小戴 注禮記 述聖言 禮樂備
The Elder and the Younger Tai,
wrote commentaries on the Book of Rites.
They publish the holy words,
and Ceremonies and Music were set in order.
曰國風 曰雅頌 號四詩 當諷詠
We speak of the Kuo Feng,
we speak of the Ya and the Sung.
These are the four sections of the Book of poetry,
which should be hummed over and over.
詩既亡 春秋作 寓褒貶 別善惡
When odes ceased to be made,
the Spring and Autumn Annals were produced.
These Annals contain praise and blame,
and distinguish the good from the bad.
三傳者 有公羊 有左氏 有彀梁
The three commentaries upon the above,
include that of Kung-Yang,
that of Tso
and that of Gu-Liang.
經既明 方讀子 撮其要 記其事
When the classics were understood,
then the writings of the various philosophers should be read.
Pick out the important points in each,
and take a note of the facts.
五子者 有荀楊 文中子 及老莊
The five chief philosophers,
are Xun, Yang,
Wen Zhong Zi
Lao Tzu and Chung Tzu.
經子通 讀諸史 考世系 知終始
When the classics and the philosophers are mastered,
the various histories should then be read,
and the genealogical connections should be examined,
so that the end of one dynasty and the beginning of the next be known.
自羲農 至黃帝 號三皇 居上世
From Fu Xi and Shen Nong.
(??on ?? probably to or onto ) the Yellow Emperor,
these are called the three rulers.
who lived in the early ages.
唐有虞 號二帝 相揖遜 稱盛世
Tang and Yu-Yu
are called the two emperors.
They abdicated, one after the other,
and their was called the Golden Age.
夏有禹 商有湯 周文武 稱三王
The Xia dynasty has Yu
and the Shang dynasty has Tang
The Chou dynasty had Wen and Wu;
these are called the Three Kings
夏傳子 家天下 四百載 遷夏社
Under the Xia dynasty the throne was transmitted from father to son,
making a family possession of the empire.
After four hundred years,
the imperial sacrifice passed from the house of Xia.
湯伐夏 國號商 六百載 至紂亡
Tang the completer destroyed the Xia Dynasty,
and the Dynastic title became Shang.
The line lasted for six hundred years,
ending with Zhou Xin.
周武王 始誅紂 八百載 最長久
King Wu of the Chou Dynasty
finally slew Zhou Xin.
His own line lasted for eight hundred years;
the longest dynasty of all.
週轍東 王綱墮 逞干戈 尚遊說
When the Chous made tracks eastwards,
the feudal bond was slackened;
the arbitrate of spear and shields prevailed;
and peripatetic politicians were held in high esteem.
始春秋 終戰國 五霸強 七雄出
This period began with the Spring and Autumn Epoch
and ended with that of the Warring States.
Next, the Five Chieftains domineered,
and Seven Martial States came to the front.
嬴秦氏 始兼併 傳二世 楚漢爭
Then the House of Chin, descended from the Ying clan,
finally united all the states under one sway.
The thrown was transmitted to the 2nd Shih,
upon which followed the struggle between the Chu and the Han states.
高祖興 漢業建 至孝平 王莽篡
Then Kao Zu arose,
and the House of Han was established.
When we come to the reign of Xiao Ping,
Wang Mang usurped the throne.
光武興 為東漢 四百年 終於獻
Then Kuang Wu arose,
and founded the Eastern Han Dynasty.
It lasted four hundred years,
and ended with the Emperor Xian.
魏蜀吳 爭漢鼎 號三國 迄兩晉
Wei, Shu and Wu,
fought for the sovereignty of the Hans.
They were called the Three Kingdoms,
and existed until the two Chin Dynasties.
宋齊繼 梁陳承 為南朝 都金陵
Then followed the Sung and the Chi dynasties,
and after them the Liang and Chen dynasties
These are the Southern dynasties,
with their capital at Nanking.
北元魏 分東西 宇文週 興高齊
The northern dynasties are the Wei dynasty and the Yuan family
which split into Eastern and Western Wei.
The Chou dynasty and the Yuwen family,
with the Chi dynasty of the Kao family.
迨至隋 一土宇 不再傳 失統緒
At length, under the Sui dynasty,
the empire was united under one ruler.
The throne was not transmitted twice,
succession to power being lost
唐高祖 起義師 除隋亂 創國基
The first emperor of the Tang dynasty
raised volunteer troops.
He put an end to the disorder of the House of Sui,
and established the foundation of his line.
二十傳 三百載 梁滅之 國乃改
Twenty times the thrown was transmitted,
in a period of 300 years.
The Liang State destroyed it,
and the dynastic title was changed.
梁唐晉 及漢周 稱五代 皆有由
The Liang, the Tang, the Chin
the Han and the Chou
are called the five dynasties,
and there was a reason for the establishment of each.
炎宋興 受週禪 十八傳 南北混
Then the fire-led house of Sung arose,
and received the resignation of the house of Chou.
Eighteen times the throne was transmitted,
and then the north and the south were reunited.
遼與金皆稱帝
此段為宋版所無
太祖興國大明號洪武都金陵
此段為宋版所無
迨成祖遷燕京十六世至崇禎
此段為宋版所無
閹亂後寇內訌闖逆變神器終
此段為宋版所無
清順治據神京至十傳宣統遜
此段為宋版所無
舉總統共和成复漢土民國興
此段為宋版所無
廿二史全在茲載治亂知興衰
此段為宋版所無
十七史 全在茲 載治亂 知興衰
The Seventeen Dynastic Histories,
are all embraced in the above.
They contain examples of good and bad government,
whence may be learnt the principles of prosperity and decay.
讀史書 考實錄 通古今 若親目
Ye who read history
must study the Annals,
whereby you will understand ancient and modern events,
as though having seen them with your own eyes.
囗而誦 心而惟 朝於斯 夕於斯
Recite them with the mouth,
and ponder over them in your hearts.
Do this in the morning;
do this in the evening.
昔仲尼 師項橐 古聖賢 尚勤學
Of old, Confucius,
took Xiang To for his teacher.
The inspired men and sages of old,
studied diligently nevertheless.
趙中令 讀魯論 彼既仕 學且勤
Zhao, president of the Council,
studied the Lu Test of the Analects.
He, when already an official,
studied and moreover, with diligence.
披蒲編 削竹簡 彼無書 且知勉
One opened out rushes and plaited them together,
another scraped tablets of bamboo.
These men had no books,
but they knew how to make an effort.
頭懸樑 錐刺股 彼不教 自勤苦
One tied his head to the beam above him;
another pricked his thigh with an awl.
They were not taught,
but toiled hard of their own accord.
如囊螢 如映雪 家雖貧 學不輟
Then we have one who put fireflies in a bag.
and again another who used the white glare from snow.
Although their families were poor,
these men studied unceasingly.
如負薪 如掛角 身雖勞 猶苦卓
Again, there was one who carried fuel,
and another who used horns and pegs.
Although they toiled with their bodies,
they were nevertheless remarkable for their application.
蘇老泉 二十七 始發憤 讀書籍
Su Lao-Chuan,
at the age of twenty-seven
at last began to show his energy,
and devote himself to the study of books.
彼既老 猶悔遲 爾小生 宜早思
Then when already past the age,
he deeply regretted his delay.
You little boys,
should take thought betimes.
若梁灝 八十二 對大廷 魁多士
Then there were Liang Hao,
who at the age of eighty-two,
made his replies to the great hall,
and came out first among many scholars.
彼既成 眾稱異 爾小生 宜立志
When thus late he had succeeded,
all men pronounced him a prodigy.
You little boys,
should make up your minds to work.
瑩八歲 能詠詩 泌七歲 能賦棋
Jung at eight of age,
could compose poetry.
Pi, at seven years of age,
could make an epigram on wei-chi.
彼穎悟 人稱奇 爾幼學 當效之
These youths were quick of apprehension,
and people declared them to be prodigies.
You young learners,
ought to imitate them.
蔡文姬 能辨琴 謝道韞 能詠吟
Cai Wen-Ji,
was able to judge from the sound of a psaltery.
Xie Dao-Yun,
was able to compose verses.
彼女子 且聰敏 爾男子 當自警
They were only girls,
yet they were quick and clever.
You boys ought to
rouse yourselves.
唐劉晏 方七歲 舉神童 作正字
Liu Yen of the Tang dynasty
when only seven years of age,
was ranked as an "inspired child" (child prodigy)
and was appointed a Corrector of Texts.
彼雖幼 身己仕 爾幼學 勉而致
He, although a child,
was already in an official post.
You young learners
strive to bring about a like result.
有為者 亦若是
Those who work,
will also succeed as he did.
犬守夜 雞司晨 苟不學 曷為人
The dog keep guard by night;
the cock proclaims the dawn.
If foolishly you do not study,
how can you become men ?
蠶吐絲 蜂釀蜜 人不學 不如物
The silkworm produced silk,
the bee makes honey.
If man does not learn,
he is not equal to the brutes
幼而學 壯而行 上致君 下澤民
Learn while young,
and when grown up apply what you have learn;
influencing the sovereign above,
benefiting the people below.
揚名聲 顯父母 光於前 裕於後
Make a name for yourselves,
and glorify you father and mother.
shed luster on your ancestors,
enrich your posterity.
人遺子 金滿嬴 我教子 惟一經
Men bequeath to their children,
coffers of gold.
I teach you children,
only this book.
勤有功 戲無益 戒之哉 宜勉力
Diligence has its reward;
play has no advantages,
Oh, be on your guard,
and put forth your strength